{"id":21068,"date":"2022-03-21T16:31:00","date_gmt":"2022-03-21T14:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/?p=21068"},"modified":"2022-03-21T01:58:00","modified_gmt":"2022-03-20T23:58:00","slug":"eltunhet-a-kave-a-polcokrol-a-vilagon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/?p=21068&lang=hu","title":{"rendered":"Elt\u0171nhet a k\u00e1v\u00e9 a polcokr\u00f3l a vil\u00e1gon"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"630\" src=\"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/coffee-harvest-400x300px.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21069\" srcset=\"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/coffee-harvest-400x300px.jpg 840w, https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/coffee-harvest-400x300px-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/coffee-harvest-400x300px-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A k\u00e1v\u00e9 hat\u00f3anyaga, a koffein a vil\u00e1g k\u00e9t legelterjedtebb pszichoakt\u00edv drogj\u00e1nak egyike (a m\u00e1sik az alkohol). Az emberis\u00e9g fele bolondul \u00e9rte, becsl\u00e9sek szerint 500 milli\u00e1rd cs\u00e9sze k\u00e1v\u00e9 fogy el \u00e9vente. \u00d3d\u00e1kat zengedeznek r\u00f3la, most m\u00e9gis \u00fagy t\u0171nik, hogy hamarosan luxuscikk\u00e9 v\u00e1lhat, de ak\u00e1r \u00f6r\u00f6kre el is t\u0171nhet az \u00e9let\u00fcnkb\u0151l.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kutat\u00e1sok szerint ugyanis 2050-re fel\u00e9re cs\u00f6kken a k\u00e1v\u00e9termeszt\u00e9sre alkalmas f\u00f6ldek sz\u00e1ma. A glob\u00e1lis felmeleged\u00e9s fokozatosan megv\u00e1ltoztatja a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kletet \u00e9s a csapad\u00e9kviszonyokat, \u00e9s ha a tendenci\u00e1k folytat\u00f3dnak, 2080-ra v\u00e9gleg elt\u0171nhet a k\u00e1v\u00e9 a polcokr\u00f3l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f6bb mint sz\u00e1zf\u00e9le k\u00e1v\u00e9cserje \u00e9s k\u00e1v\u00e9bab l\u00e9tezik, felmer\u00fcl ez\u00e9rt a k\u00e9rd\u00e9s: mi\u00e9rt nem t\u00e9rnek \u00e1t a termel\u0151k sz\u00edv\u00f3sabb fajt\u00e1kra? Vagy mi\u00e9rt nem nemes\u00edtenek ki \u00fajabb v\u00e1ltozatokat?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A v\u00e1lasz a k\u00e9nyes-finny\u00e1s \u00edzl\u00e9s\u00fcnkben keresend\u0151. A k\u00e1v\u00e9 (Coffea) nemzets\u00e9g sokas\u00e1g\u00e1b\u00f3l ugyanis mind\u00f6ssze kett\u0151r hajland\u00f3 meginni az emberis\u00e9g: az arabic\u00e1t (Coffea arabica) \u00e9s a robuszt\u00e1t (Coffea canephora). De ezek k\u00f6z\u00fcl is t\u00falnyom\u00f3r\u00e9szt az arabic\u00e1t. Ez adja a 100 milli\u00e1rd doll\u00e1ros vil\u00e1gpiac h\u00e1romnegyed\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"727\" height=\"464\" src=\"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/42334664-18dcb563830062fb52e68c4d5dbcbc41-wm.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21070\" srcset=\"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/42334664-18dcb563830062fb52e68c4d5dbcbc41-wm.jpg 727w, https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/42334664-18dcb563830062fb52e68c4d5dbcbc41-wm-300x191.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 727px) 100vw, 727px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Csakhogy az arabica fajta is finny\u00e1s. Nem hajland\u00f3 900 m\u00e9teres magass\u00e1g alatt tart\u00f3zkodni. S\u0151t, igaz\u00e1b\u00f3l az 1000\u20132000 m\u00e9ter k\u00f6z\u00f6tti magass\u00e1gokban \u00e9rzi otthon mag\u00e1t. Persze csakis akkor, ha term\u00e9keny vulkanikus a talaj, a csapad\u00e9k pedig b\u0151s\u00e9ges \u00e9s egyenletes. \u00c9s a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag 15 \u00e9s 24 Celsius fok k\u00f6z\u00f6tt mozoghat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">lyen szigor\u00fa felt\u00e9telek mellett nem csoda, hogy egy kisebb kl\u00edmav\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s is alaposan megviseli. Olyannyira, hogy hagyom\u00e1nyos term\u0151ter\u00fcletei m\u00e1r most fogynak. (M\u00e1s okb\u00f3l, de hasonl\u00f3 a helyzet egy\u00e9bk\u00e9nt a ban\u00e1nnal is.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A robuszta az arabica ellent\u00e9te: ahogy neve is jelzi, edzettebb, ellen\u00e1ll\u00f3bb, ig\u00e9nytelenebb fajta. T\u0171ri a h\u0151s\u00e9get \u00e9s a nagy p\u00e1ratartalmat, \u00e9s nem v\u00e1gyakozik a hegyekbe, a 900 m\u00e9ter alatti tr\u00f3pusi s\u00edks\u00e1gokon is j\u00f3l elvan. Cser\u00e9be keserny\u00e9sebb az \u00edze az arabic\u00e1\u00e9n\u00e1l, emiatt olcs\u00f3bb \u00e9s alacsonyabb rend\u0171nek tartj\u00e1k. Am\u00edg a vil\u00e1g k\u00e1v\u00e9term\u00e9s\u00e9nek fel\u00e9t ad\u00f3 Braz\u00edlia \u00e9s Vietn\u00e1m, de a legt\u00f6bb k\u00e1v\u00e9termel\u0151 orsz\u00e1g is f\u0151leg az arabic\u00e1t favoriz\u00e1lja, addig robuszt\u00e1t legink\u00e1bb csak Nyugat-Afrik\u00e1ban \u00e9s Indon\u00e9zi\u00e1ban termesztenek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Viszont mindkett\u0151t ugyanazok a betegs\u00e9gek tizedelik. Az egyik az elm\u00falt \u00e9vtizedekben elterjedt k\u00e1v\u00e9rozsdagomba, ami a k\u00e1v\u00e9cserj\u00e9k \u00e9l\u00e9nk z\u00f6ld leveleit barn\u00e1v\u00e1 sz\u00ednezi. A m\u00e1sik a k\u00e1v\u00e9sz\u00fa, ami bef\u00farja mag\u00e1t a term\u00e9sbe \u00e9s ott rakja le pet\u00e9it. Terjed\u00e9s\u00fcket csak fokozza a genetikailag szeg\u00e9nyes monokultur\u00e1lis termeszt\u00e9s \u00e9s a meleged\u0151 kl\u00edma is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u00e1v\u00e9nemes\u00edt\u0151 kutat\u00f3k most l\u00e1zasan keresik az arabica alternat\u00edv\u00e1j\u00e1t. T\u00f6bb mint harminc fajta ellen\u00e1ll\u00f3 k\u00e9pess\u00e9g\u00e9t vizsg\u00e1lja most a legnagyobb k\u00e1v\u00e9v\u00e1llalatok \u00e1ltal finansz\u00edrozott nonprofit szervezet, a\u00a0<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/worldcoffeeresearch.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">World Coffee Research<\/a>. Eddig nem t\u00fal sok eredm\u00e9nnyel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ha tov\u00e1bbra is finny\u00e1sak maradunk, \u00e9s nem siker\u00fcl a k\u00f6zelj\u00f6v\u0151ben olyan fajt\u00e1t kinemes\u00edteni\u00fck, ami elviseli a v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 \u00e9ghajlati k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyeket, \u00e1m hozza az arabica l\u00e1gyabb, selymesebb \u00edz\u00e9t, \u00e9s ha nem siker\u00fcl megold\u00e1st tal\u00e1lniuk a robuszt\u00e1t is puszt\u00edt\u00f3 k\u00e1rtev\u0151kkel szemben, akkor lehet, hogy nemsok\u00e1ra k\u00e9nytelenek lesz\u00fcnk m\u00e1s \u00e9l\u00e9nk\u00edt\u0151szerek ut\u00e1n n\u00e9zni, vagy r\u00e1fanyalodni a h\u00e1bor\u00fas id\u0151k p\u00f3tk\u00e1v\u00e9j\u00e1ra, a cik\u00f3ri\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Forr\u00e1s: index.hu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kutat\u00e1sok szerint 2050-re fel\u00e9re cs\u00f6kken a k\u00e1v\u00e9termeszt\u00e9sre alkalmas f\u00f6ldek sz\u00e1ma. A glob\u00e1lis felmeleged\u00e9s fokozatosan megv\u00e1ltoztatja a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kletet \u00e9s a csapad\u00e9kviszonyokat, \u00e9s ha a tendenci\u00e1k folytat\u00f3dnak, 2080-ra v\u00e9gleg elt\u0171nhet a k\u00e1v\u00e9 a polcokr\u00f3l.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":21069,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,41,49,39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21068","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-nap-hirei","category-cikkek","category-hirek","category-vilag"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21068","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21068"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21068\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21071,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21068\/revisions\/21071"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21069"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21068"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}