{"id":34939,"date":"2023-02-09T21:43:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-09T19:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/?p=34939"},"modified":"2023-02-09T17:03:04","modified_gmt":"2023-02-09T15:03:04","slug":"ujraosztjak-az-orosz-gazdasagot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/?p=34939&lang=hu","title":{"rendered":"\u00dajraosztj\u00e1k az orosz gazdas\u00e1got"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>500 milli\u00e1rd doll\u00e1ros k\u00f6zvetlen t\u0151kebefektet\u00e9ssel dicsekedett Oroszorsz\u00e1g a h\u00e1bor\u00fa kezdete el\u0151tt. Ennek nagyr\u00e9sze nyugati t\u0151ke volt, amely gyors \u00fctemben t\u00e1vozott orosz f\u00f6ldr\u0151l. A Yale egyetem tan\u00e1ra, Jeffery Sonnenfeld tanulm\u00e1nyt \u00edrt err\u0151l, \u00e9s ebb\u0151l kider\u00fcl, hogy t\u00f6bb mint 1400 c\u00e9gr\u0151l van sz\u00f3, amely cs\u00f6kkentette szerep\u00e9t Oroszorsz\u00e1gban vagy v\u00e9gk\u00e9pp kivonult onnan. Igaz, nem mindegyik: Sonnenfeldet mindenesetre ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en Putyin kitiltotta Oroszorsz\u00e1gb\u00f3l.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"370\" src=\"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/putyin.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-34940\" srcset=\"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/putyin.jpg 800w, https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/putyin-300x139.jpg 300w, https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/putyin-768x355.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A leg\u00e9rdekesebb az olaj \u00e9s g\u00e1zkitermel\u00e9s, hiszen itt van a legnagyobb \u00fczlet. Ezek \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban vegyesv\u00e1llalatok, olyan orosz \u00f3ri\u00e1sokkal k\u00f6z\u00f6s v\u00e1llalkoz\u00e1sok, mint a Rosznyeft vagy a Gazprom. A BP p\u00e9ld\u00e1ja j\u00f3l mutatja, hogy milyen komplex folyamatr\u00f3l van sz\u00f3: a Rosznyeft 19,75%-a volt a brit c\u00e9g\u00e9. Ennek \u00e9rt\u00e9ke a h\u00e1bor\u00fa el\u0151tt 14 milli\u00e1rd doll\u00e1r volt. A britolaj \u00f3ri\u00e1s azonnal k\u00f6z\u00f6lte, hogy kisz\u00e1ll az \u00fczletb\u0151l, de a gyakorlatban a folyamat csak az \u00e9v v\u00e9g\u00e9n fejez\u0151d\u00f6tt be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A BP k\u00e9nytelen volt le\u00edrni 25,5 milli\u00e1rd doll\u00e1rt \u2013 sz\u00e1molt be a New York Times. Ennek ellen\u00e9re kedden rekordprofitot jelentett be: az energiav\u00e1ls\u00e1g minden eddigin\u00e9l t\u00f6bbet hozott a konyh\u00e1ra. A tavalyi \u00e9v profitja 40 milli\u00e1rd doll\u00e1r volt, m\u00edg az el\u0151z\u0151 \u00e9vben ez csak 12,8 milli\u00e1rd doll\u00e1r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Shell Szahalin sziget\u00e9n lev\u0151 \u00e9rdekelts\u00e9g\u00e9t eg\u00e9szen egyszer\u0171en elkobozta az orosz \u00e1llam. Hogy megy ez a gyakorlatban? \u00dagy, hogy az orosz menedzserek nev\u00e9re \u00edrj\u00e1k a c\u00e9get, illetve a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nypakettet \u2013 \u00edrja a Project Syndicate oldalon Aslund professzor, aki kor\u00e1bban tan\u00e1csad\u00f3ja volt az orosz korm\u00e1nynak, teh\u00e1t j\u00f3l ismeri a helyzetet. Anders Aslund n\u00e9h\u00e1ny \u00e9ve k\u00f6nyvet adott ki ezzel a sokatmond\u00f3 c\u00edmmel: Haveri kapitalizmus Oroszorsz\u00e1gban a piacgazdas\u00e1gt\u00f3l a kleptokr\u00e1ci\u00e1ig. Ebben r\u00e1mutat arra, hogy a kleptokr\u00e1cia, mely egyre ink\u00e1bb jellemzi Putyin rendszer\u00e9t, mennyire h\u00e1tr\u00e1nyos az orosz gazdas\u00e1g moderniz\u00e1l\u00f3d\u00e1sa szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l. Ez a negat\u00edv folyamat az\u00f3ta csak felgyorsult.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/hvg.hu\/gazdasag\/20230208_Putyin_oligarchai_nyuljak_le_a_nyugatiak_altal_otthagyott_orosz_uzleteket#rss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(hvg.hu)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>500 milli\u00e1rd doll\u00e1ros k\u00f6zvetlen t\u0151kebefektet\u00e9ssel dicsekedett Oroszorsz\u00e1g a h\u00e1bor\u00fa kezdete el\u0151tt. Ennek nagyr\u00e9sze nyugati t\u0151ke volt, amely gyors \u00fctemben t\u00e1vozott orosz f\u00f6ldr\u0151l. A Yale egyetem tan\u00e1ra, Jeffery Sonnenfeld tanulm\u00e1nyt \u00edrt err\u0151l.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":34940,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1593,41,33854,11,39],"tags":[144961,33104],"class_list":["post-34939","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actual-hu","category-cikkek","category-war-hu","category-kiemelt-tema","category-vilag","tag-kulfoldi-befektetok","tag-orosz-gazdasag"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34939","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=34939"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34939\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34941,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34939\/revisions\/34941"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/34940"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=34939"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=34939"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=34939"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}