{"id":46987,"date":"2024-03-18T19:35:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-18T17:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/?p=46987"},"modified":"2024-03-18T14:43:59","modified_gmt":"2024-03-18T12:43:59","slug":"munkaeropiac-a-haboru-idejen-nok-a-ferfiak-posztjain-inflaciot-meghalado-bernovekedes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/?p=46987&lang=hu","title":{"rendered":"Munkaer\u0151piac a h\u00e1bor\u00fa idej\u00e9n: n\u0151k a f\u00e9rfiak posztjain, infl\u00e1ci\u00f3t meghalad\u00f3 b\u00e9rn\u00f6veked\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Az ukrajnai h\u00e1bor\u00fa alatt a munkaer\u0151piac jelent\u0151s v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sokon ment kereszt\u00fcl, t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a megszigor\u00edtott mozg\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1si szab\u00e1lyok miatt, amely k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 \u00e1gazatokban okozott szakemberhi\u00e1nyt, az \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151ipart\u00f3l a k\u00f6zleked\u00e9sig. E tekintetben sz\u00e1mos, hagyom\u00e1nyosan \u201ef\u00e9rfiasnak\u201d tekintett \u00e1ll\u00e1st most n\u0151k t\u00f6ltenek be. A k\u00e9szs\u00e9gek fontoss\u00e1ga a munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3 nem\u00e9t\u0151l f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl d\u00f6nt\u0151 fontoss\u00e1g\u00fav\u00e1 v\u00e1lik, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen azon k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nynek k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en, hogy sz\u00e1mos szakk\u00e9pzett alkalmazott k\u00fclf\u00f6ldre utazott.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"672\" height=\"377\" src=\"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/98f3d-96c9c.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-46960\" srcset=\"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/98f3d-96c9c.jpg 672w, https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/98f3d-96c9c-300x168.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 672px) 100vw, 672px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Munkaer\u0151<\/strong><strong>hi\u00e1ny a kiskereskedelemben<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A jelent\u0151s munkaer\u0151hi\u00e1nyt Ukrajn\u00e1ban, t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a kiskereskedelemben, a t\u00f6meges migr\u00e1ci\u00f3 \u00e9s mobiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3 okozza. K\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen akut probl\u00e9ma az elad\u00f3-tan\u00e1csad\u00f3k, p\u00e9nzt\u00e1rosok, biztons\u00e1gi \u0151r\u00f6k, \u00fczletvezet\u0151k, hord\u00e1rok \u00e9s sof\u0151r\u00f6k hi\u00e1nya. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az \u00e9rt\u00e9kes\u00edt\u00e9si tan\u00e1csad\u00f3k RR-index ar\u00e1nya 1,6, a p\u00e9nzt\u00e1rosok eset\u00e9ben pedig 3,4, ami azt jelzi, hogy itt nagy a munkaer\u0151hi\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A kiskereskedelmi piac c\u00e9gei erre \u00fagy reag\u00e1lnak, hogy 5%-r\u00f3l 20%-ra, egyes szakm\u00e1kban ak\u00e1r 30%-ra is emelik a b\u00e9reket. Az el\u0151rejelz\u00e9sek szerint 2024-ben 5-20 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9kos szinten folytat\u00f3dik a b\u00e9ralap n\u00f6veked\u00e9se.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A n\u0151k t\u00f6ltik be a \u201ef\u00e9rfi<\/strong><strong>as<\/strong><strong>\u201d \u00e1ll\u00e1sokat<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A n\u0151k szerep\u00e9nek n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9vel a \u201ef\u00e9rfias\u201d szakm\u00e1kban, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151munk\u00e1sok, sof\u0151r\u00f6k, elektromos \u00e9s g\u00e1zhegeszt\u0151k, egyre t\u00f6bb n\u0151 van azokon a ter\u00fcleteken, ahol hagyom\u00e1nyosan alulreprezent\u00e1ltak. 2023-ban 1200 n\u0151 dolgozott az \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151iparban, ami az \u00e1gazatban dolgoz\u00f3k 38%-a, szemben a h\u00e1bor\u00fa el\u0151tti 20%-kal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A kiskereskedelemben gyakrabban neveznek ki n\u0151ket olyan poz\u00edci\u00f3kra, amelyeket hagyom\u00e1nyosan f\u00e9rfiasnak tekintettek. T\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt biztons\u00e1gi \u0151r, sof\u0151r, port\u00e1s \u00e1ll\u00e1sokra, \u00e9ppen a f\u00e9rfi jel\u00f6ltek hi\u00e1nya miatt. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az ATB-h\u00e1l\u00f3zatban n\u0151k t\u00f6ltik be az \u0151r\u00f6k \u00e9s a port\u00e1sok, az UPG orsz\u00e1gos benzink\u00fath\u00e1l\u00f3zatban a n\u0151k a sof\u0151r, a tankol\u00f3, a hord\u00e1r \u00e9s a biztons\u00e1gi \u0151r posztjait.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Egyes \u00e1gazatokban, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gban azonban a f\u00e9rfiak domin\u00e1lnak, az ilyen foglalkoz\u00e1sokkal j\u00e1r\u00f3 magas fizikai stressz \u00e9s eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi kock\u00e1zatok miatt. Ezekben az \u00e1gazatokban lassabban v\u00e1ltozik a munkaer\u0151 nemek szerinti \u00f6sszet\u00e9tele, annak ellen\u00e9re, hogy egyes esetekben \u2013 p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul dr\u00f3nkezel\u0151k \u2013 n\u0151 a n\u0151k sz\u00e1ma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hogyan n\u0151tt<\/strong><strong>ek<\/strong><strong> a <\/strong><strong>b\u00e9rek<\/strong><strong> Ukrajn\u00e1ban<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Az \u00c1llami Statisztikai Szolg\u00e1lat adatai szerint 2023 IV. negyed\u00e9v\u00e9ben 19 231 hrivny\u00e1ra n\u0151tt az \u00e1tlagkereset Ukrajn\u00e1ban, ami 16,7%-kal t\u00f6bb az el\u0151z\u0151 \u00e9v azonos id\u0151szak\u00e1hoz k\u00e9pest. Legnagyobb m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben az \u201eInform\u00e1ci\u00f3 \u00e9s t\u00e1vk\u00f6zl\u00e9s\u201d ter\u00fclet\u00e9n n\u0151ttek a b\u00e9rek \u2013 23,3%-kal, havi 41 326 hrivny\u00e1ra. Ezt a \u201eP\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi \u00e9s biztos\u00edt\u00e1si tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9g\u201d szektor k\u00f6veti 37 477 hrivnya (+24,0%) havi \u00e1tlagb\u00e9rrel. A \u201eK\u00f6zigazgat\u00e1s \u00e9s v\u00e9delem\u201d szektorban 12,2%-os n\u00f6veked\u00e9st regisztr\u00e1ltak, 28 516 hrivny\u00e1ra. A \u201eSzakmai, tudom\u00e1nyos \u00e9s m\u0171szaki tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9g\u201d szektor 13,8%-os n\u00f6veked\u00e9st mutatott, ahol az \u00e1tlagkereset 25 860 hrivnya volt. A legalacsonyabb mutat\u00f3k az oktat\u00e1s ter\u00fclet\u00e9n vannak, ahol 13 500 hrivnya az \u00e1tlagkereset, a n\u00f6veked\u00e9s mind\u00f6ssze 0,5 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9kos volt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A 2022-es re\u00e1lb\u00e9rt \u201emegette\u201d az infl\u00e1ci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2022-ben az \u00e1tlagkereset 14 847 hrivnya volt, de az infl\u00e1ci\u00f3t figyelembe v\u00e9ve val\u00f3j\u00e1ban 11,9%-kal cs\u00f6kkent. A korm\u00e1ny ugyanakkor 2023-ra 18 527 hrivny\u00e1ra, az infl\u00e1ci\u00f3t figyelembe v\u00e9ve pedig 10,1%-os nomin\u00e1lis fizet\u00e9semel\u00e9st prognosztiz\u00e1lt. 2024-ben ez a sz\u00e1m v\u00e1rhat\u00f3an el\u00e9ri a 21 809 hrivny\u00e1t, \u00e9s az infl\u00e1ci\u00f3t is figyelembe v\u00e9ve 8,5%-kal n\u0151. Tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 az el\u0151rejelz\u00e9sek szerint a fizet\u00e9s 2025-ben el\u00e9ri a 25 732 hrivny\u00e1t, 2026-ban pedig a 30 260 hrivny\u00e1t. Az IMF el\u0151rejelz\u00e9se szerint 2024-ben az \u00e1tlagfizet\u00e9s doll\u00e1rban 527 doll\u00e1r lesz, ami meghaladja a h\u00e1bor\u00fa el\u0151tti 2021-es adatot. 2025-ben v\u00e1rhat\u00f3an 559 doll\u00e1r, 2026-ban pedig 619 doll\u00e1r lesz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Okszana CSOPAK<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&lt;!&#8211;translatorid:ild5234 &#8211;&gt;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Az ukrajnai h\u00e1bor\u00fa alatt a munkaer\u0151piac jelent\u0151s v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sokon ment kereszt\u00fcl, t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a megszigor\u00edtott mozg\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1si szab\u00e1lyok miatt, amely k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 \u00e1gazatokban okozott szakemberhi\u00e1nyt, az \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151ipart\u00f3l a k\u00f6zleked\u00e9sig. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":46960,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41,33854,11,33],"tags":[25874],"class_list":["post-46987","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cikkek","category-war-hu","category-kiemelt-tema","category-ukrajna","tag-munkaerohiany"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46987","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=46987"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46987\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":46988,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46987\/revisions\/46988"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/46960"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=46987"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=46987"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=46987"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}