{"id":56206,"date":"2025-01-07T15:40:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-07T13:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/?p=56206"},"modified":"2025-01-06T23:43:14","modified_gmt":"2025-01-06T21:43:14","slug":"igy-alakul-2025-ben-ukrajna-gazdasaga-reformok-inflacio-es-adoemeles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/?p=56206&lang=hu","title":{"rendered":"\u00cdgy alakul 2025-ben Ukrajna gazdas\u00e1ga \u2013 reformok, infl\u00e1ci\u00f3 \u00e9s ad\u00f3emel\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A makrogazdas\u00e1gi mutat\u00f3k lass\u00fa helyre\u00e1ll\u00e1st jeleznek, a lakoss\u00e1g \u00e9letmin\u0151s\u00e9ge azonban tov\u00e1bb romlik az infl\u00e1ci\u00f3, az ad\u00f3emel\u00e9sek \u00e9s az energiav\u00e1ls\u00e1g k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben. Ukrajna gazdas\u00e1ga tov\u00e1bbra is a nemzetk\u00f6zi seg\u00e9lyekt\u0151l f\u00fcgg, mik\u00f6zben a bels\u0151 munkaer\u0151piac, az infrastrukt\u00fara \u00e9s az energiaell\u00e1t\u00e1s helyzete folyamatosan kih\u00edv\u00e1sok el\u00e9 \u00e1ll\u00edtja az orsz\u00e1got.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ukrajna brutt\u00f3 hazai term\u00e9ke (GDP) 2024 december\u00e9ig 4 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9kkal n\u00f6vekedett \u2013 \u00e1ll a gazdas\u00e1gi miniszt\u00e9rium jelent\u00e9s\u00e9ben. Mindezt f\u0151k\u00e9nt a k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si, \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151ipari \u00e9s feldolgoz\u00f3ipari szektorok, valamint az \u00e1llami t\u00e1mogat\u00e1si programok \u00f6szt\u00f6n\u00f6zt\u00e9k. Az Ukr\u00e1n Nemzeti Bank friss\u00edtett el\u0151rejelz\u00e9se szerint az \u00e9ves GDP-n\u00f6veked\u00e9s tov\u00e1bbra is csak lassan \u00e1ll helyre a 2022-es 30 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9kos gazdas\u00e1gi visszaes\u00e9st k\u00f6vet\u0151en.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/evakualas-tamadas-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-56207\" srcset=\"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/evakualas-tamadas-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/evakualas-tamadas-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/evakualas-tamadas-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/evakualas-tamadas.jpg 1347w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A h\u00e1ztart\u00e1sok ezt a javul\u00e1st nem \u00e9rzik. Az infl\u00e1ci\u00f3 az \u00e9v v\u00e9g\u00e9re 11,2 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9kra emelkedett, ami k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen az alapvet\u0151 \u00e9lelmiszerek dr\u00e1gul\u00e1s\u00e1ban mutatkozott meg. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a z\u00f6lds\u00e9gek \u00e1ra 63 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9kkal,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a toj\u00e1s\u00e9 54 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9kkal, m\u00edg<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a keny\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e9s a tejterm\u00e9kek\u00e9 15\u201330 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9kkal emelkedett.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Az infl\u00e1ci\u00f3t az energia\u00e1rak emelked\u00e9se, az alacsonyabb mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gi hozamok, valamint a hrivnya \u00e1rfolyam\u00e1nak gyeng\u00fcl\u00e9se (38-r\u00f3l 42 hrivny\u00e1ra egy doll\u00e1rhoz k\u00e9pest) hajtotta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ad\u00f3emel\u00e9sek \u00e9s cs\u00f6kken\u0151 v\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00f3er\u0151<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A 2024 december\u00e9ben bevezetett ad\u00f3emel\u00e9sek tov\u00e1bb s\u00falyosb\u00edtott\u00e1k az ukrajnai csal\u00e1dok helyzet\u00e9t. A hadiad\u00f3 m\u00e9rt\u00e9ke 1,5 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9kr\u00f3l 5 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9kra emelkedett, mindezt pedig a mag\u00e1nv\u00e1llalkoz\u00f3kra is kiterjesztett\u00e9k. A harmadik csoportba tartoz\u00f3 mag\u00e1nv\u00e1llalkoz\u00f3knak emellett 1 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9kos j\u00f6vedelemad\u00f3t is kell fizetni\u00fck, m\u00edg az els\u0151 \u00e9s m\u00e1sodik csoportba tartoz\u00f3knak a minim\u00e1lb\u00e9r 10 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9k\u00e1t kell megfizetni\u00fck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e1r a hivatalos adatok szerint 2024-ben a havi \u00e1tlagb\u00e9r 22 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9kkal n\u0151tt, el\u00e9rve a 20 592 hrivny\u00e1t, az emelt ad\u00f3terhek \u00e9s az infl\u00e1ci\u00f3 k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben a t\u00e9nyleges v\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00f3er\u0151 cs\u00f6kkent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A nett\u00f3 j\u00f6vedelem \u00e1tlagosan 15 856 hrivnya, amely j\u00f3val alacsonyabb, mint az \u00e9v elej\u00e9n v\u00e1rt szint volt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ukrajna energia- \u00e9s \u00e1rfolyamprobl\u00e9m\u00e1kkal is k\u00fczd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A hrivnya \u00e1rfolyam\u00e1nak 2024-es gyeng\u00fcl\u00e9se szint\u00e9n tov\u00e1bb terhelte az import\u00e1lt term\u00e9kek \u00e1rait. Az ukr\u00e1n jegybank \u00e1ltal alkalmazott rugalmas \u00e1rfolyamrendszer a kezdeti stabiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3t k\u00f6vet\u0151en engedte, hogy a doll\u00e1r \u00e9rt\u00e9ke el\u00e9rje a 42 hrivny\u00e1t. Az ukr\u00e1n korm\u00e1ny el\u0151rejelz\u00e9sei szerint 2025-ben az \u00e1rfolyam el\u00e9rheti a 45 hrivny\u00e1s doll\u00e1rszintet, ami tov\u00e1bb ronthatja az infl\u00e1ci\u00f3s kil\u00e1t\u00e1sokat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Az energiaell\u00e1t\u00e1s helyzete sem javult sz\u00e1mottev\u0151en. A 2024-es \u00e9v m\u00e1sodik fel\u00e9ben az orosz t\u00e1mad\u00e1sok tov\u00e1bb rontott\u00e1k az energiainfrastrukt\u00far\u00e1t. Az Ukrenerho jelent\u00e9se szerint a t\u00e9li id\u0151szakban az energiaell\u00e1t\u00e1s 15 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9kos hi\u00e1nya v\u00e1rhat\u00f3, ami a termel\u00e9si k\u00f6lts\u00e9gek n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9hez vezet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2025 \u2013 m\u00e9rs\u00e9kelt n\u00f6veked\u00e9s \u00e9s stabilit\u00e1s nemzetk\u00f6zi seg\u00edts\u00e9ggel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A 2025-\u00f6s \u00e9vre vonatkoz\u00f3 el\u0151rejelz\u00e9sek szerint a gazdas\u00e1gi n\u00f6veked\u00e9s lassulni fog. Az IMF \u00e9s a Vil\u00e1gbank becsl\u00e9sei 2,5-3 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9kos GDP-n\u00f6veked\u00e9st prognosztiz\u00e1lnak, m\u00edg a Nemzeti Bank optimist\u00e1bb, 4,3 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9kos n\u00f6veked\u00e9st v\u00e1r. Az infl\u00e1ci\u00f3 az \u00e9v v\u00e9g\u00e9re v\u00e1rhat\u00f3an 6,9 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9kra m\u00e9rs\u00e9kl\u0151dik, b\u00e1r a magas energia- \u00e9s \u00e9lelmiszer\u00e1rak ezt a cs\u00f6kken\u00e9st lass\u00edthatj\u00e1k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A k\u00f6lts\u00e9gvet\u00e9si hi\u00e1nyt tov\u00e1bbra is nemzetk\u00f6zi seg\u00e9lyek fogj\u00e1k finansz\u00edrozni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A G7-ek \u00e1ltal \u00edg\u00e9rt 50 milli\u00e1rd doll\u00e1ros t\u00e1mogat\u00e1si csomag, amely r\u00e9szben befagyasztott orosz vagyonokb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmazik, lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi az alapvet\u0151 \u00e1llami funkci\u00f3k fenntart\u00e1s\u00e1t. Emellett az IMF \u00e9s az Eur\u00f3pai Uni\u00f3 tov\u00e1bbi 15 milli\u00e1rd doll\u00e1ros hitelcsomagot biztos\u00edt Ukrajn\u00e1nak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Nemzeti Bank szerint az energia\u00e1gazati beruh\u00e1z\u00e1sok, valamint a mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gi termel\u00e9kenys\u00e9g jav\u00edt\u00e1sa seg\u00edthet m\u00e9rs\u00e9kelni az infl\u00e1ci\u00f3t \u00e9s stabiliz\u00e1lni a piacokat, ugyanakkor a h\u00e1bor\u00fa elh\u00faz\u00f3d\u00e1sa tov\u00e1bbra is jelent\u0151s kock\u00e1zat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A 2025-\u00f6s \u00e9vbe bel\u00e9pve a k\u00e9rd\u00e9s teh\u00e1t az, hogy Ukrajna k\u00e9pes lesz-e fenntartani gazdas\u00e1gi ellen\u00e1ll\u00f3 k\u00e9pess\u00e9g\u00e9t, mik\u00f6zben a lakoss\u00e1gra nehezed\u0151 p\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi nyom\u00e1s enyh\u00fcl, vagy a h\u00e1bor\u00fa k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyei tov\u00e1bb m\u00e9ly\u00edtik a t\u00e1rsadalmi \u00e9s gazdas\u00e1gi szakad\u00e9kot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vg.hu\/nemzetkozi-gazdasag\/2025\/01\/ukrajna-gazdasag-2025?utm_source=hirstart&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=hiraggregator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(vg.hu)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A makrogazdas\u00e1gi mutat\u00f3k lass\u00fa helyre\u00e1ll\u00e1st jeleznek, a lakoss\u00e1g \u00e9letmin\u0151s\u00e9ge azonban tov\u00e1bb romlik az infl\u00e1ci\u00f3, az ad\u00f3emel\u00e9sek \u00e9s az energiav\u00e1ls\u00e1g k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":56207,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41,11,33],"tags":[12143,642,7159,12301],"class_list":["post-56206","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cikkek","category-kiemelt-tema","category-ukrajna","tag-adoemeles","tag-inflacio","tag-reformok","tag-ukrajna-gazdasaga"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56206","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=56206"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56206\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":56208,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56206\/revisions\/56208"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/56207"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=56206"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=56206"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=56206"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}