{"id":9683,"date":"2021-01-18T15:11:00","date_gmt":"2021-01-18T13:11:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/?p=9683"},"modified":"2021-01-18T10:05:05","modified_gmt":"2021-01-18T08:05:05","slug":"az-okologia-problemak-a-gyongytenyesztest-is-veszelyeztetik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/?p=9683&lang=hu","title":{"rendered":"Az \u00f6kol\u00f3gia probl\u00e9m\u00e1k a gy\u00f6ngyteny\u00e9szt\u00e9st is vesz\u00e9lyeztetik"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>M\u00e1ra k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 30 orsz\u00e1g gazdas\u00e1g\u00e1ban v\u00e1llal fontos szerepet a mesters\u00e9gesen teny\u00e9sztett gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6k, melyek k\u00f6z\u00fcl egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en K\u00edna vezeti a glob\u00e1lis termel\u00e9st. Azonban az elm\u00falt \u00e9vtizedben a glob\u00e1lis gy\u00f6ngytermel\u00e9s 60 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9kkal cs\u00f6kkent. A gy\u00f6ngytermel\u0151k pedig egyre kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 lehetnek biztosak j\u00f6v\u0151j\u00fckben, mivel a n\u00f6vekv\u0151 \u00f6kol\u00f3giai probl\u00e9m\u00e1k egyre jobban \u00e9rintik az ipar\u00e1gat.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"http:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/igazgyongy-gyongy1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9684\" srcset=\"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/igazgyongy-gyongy1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/igazgyongy-gyongy1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/igazgyongy-gyongy1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A gy\u00f6ngyhal\u00e1szat f\u0151k\u00e9nt a Perzsa-\u00f6b\u00f6l k\u00f6rny\u00e9k\u00e9n volt elterjedt, rengeteg csal\u00e1d foglalkozott a tengeri gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6k hal\u00e1szat\u00e1val, \u00e9rt\u00e9kes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9vel. A kedvez\u0151 k\u00f6rnyezeti felt\u00e9telek miatt ezen a ter\u00fcleten rengeteg gy\u00f6ngy termett. A Perzsa-\u00f6bl\u00f6t k\u00f6rbe\u00f6lel\u0151 orsz\u00e1gok r\u00e9gebben a glob\u00e1lis gy\u00f6ngyipar 65\u201380 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9k\u00e1\u00e9rt feleltek, v\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00f3ik k\u00f6z\u00f6tt kir\u00e1lyi csal\u00e1dok \u00e9s a fels\u0151 t\u00edzezer tagjai voltak ott.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A XX. sz\u00e1zadban a tengerfen\u00e9kr\u0151l k\u00e9zzel kinyert gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6ket a tudom\u00e1nyosan el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edtott v\u00e1ltotta fel, \u00f6r\u00f6kre megv\u00e1ltoztatva a gy\u00f6ngyipart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Term\u00e9szetes \u00e9s mesters\u00e9ges gy\u00f6ngy k\u00f6zti k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Az eredeti igazgy\u00f6ngy osztrig\u00e1ban terem a tengerben, a mesters\u00e9gesen el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edtott pedig kagyl\u00f3kban \u00e9s \u00e9desv\u00edzben. L\u00e9trej\u00f6tte r\u00e9szben egy par\u00e1nyi szennyez\u0151d\u00e9snek k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151, valamint a teny\u00e9szt\u00e9s sor\u00e1n haszn\u00e1lt par\u00e1nyi \u00e9l\u0151sk\u00f6d\u0151, a nukleusznak. Ez ut\u00f3bbi a kagyl\u00f3 h\u00e9j\u00e1nak g\u00f6mb\u00f6ly\u0171re form\u00e1lt r\u00e9sz\u00e9t jelenti. A kagyl\u00f3 gyorsabban termeli a gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6t, mint az osztriga. M\u00edg az osztrig\u00e1ban maximum kett\u0151 gy\u00f6ngy terem egyszerre, egy \u00e9desv\u00edzi kagyl\u00f3ban ak\u00e1r 30\u201350 darab is l\u00e9trej\u00f6het. A mesters\u00e9ges termeszt\u00e9s el\u0151tt f\u0151k\u00e9nt s\u00f3sv\u00edzi gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6ket foglaltak \u00e9kszerbe, azonban a mesters\u00e9ges teny\u00e9szt\u00e9s hat\u00e1s\u00e1ra az \u00e9desv\u00edzi gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6k ker\u00fcltek el\u0151t\u00e9rbe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u00edna \u201egy\u00f6ngyf\u0151v\u00e1ros\u00e1ban\u201d, Zhuji-ban t\u00f6bb, mint 2.500, gy\u00f6nggyel kapcsolatos v\u00e1llalkoz\u00e1s m\u0171k\u00f6dik, komplett ell\u00e1t\u00e1si l\u00e1nccal, gy\u00f6ngy m\u00fazeummal, divat r\u00e9szleggel. A v\u00e1rosban az online elad\u00e1sok \u00e9rt\u00e9ke tavaly janu\u00e1r \u00e9s szeptember k\u00f6z\u00f6tt 1,5 milli\u00e1rd doll\u00e1rt, azaz mintegy 450 milli\u00e1rd forintot tettek ki, a region\u00e1lis m\u00e1rka\u00e9rt\u00e9k pedig el\u00e9rte a 8,2 milli\u00e1rd doll\u00e1rt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.nwmgroups.hu\/s\/img\/i\/2101\/20210115gyongytelep-kagylo-gyongy-termesztes.jpg?w=800&amp;h=533&amp;t=5\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sz\u00e1z \u00e9vvel az els\u0151 mesters\u00e9gesen el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edtott gy\u00f6ngy ut\u00e1n is folyamatos a kutat\u00e1s az iparban, hogyan lehetne innovat\u00edvabb\u00e1 tenni a hagyom\u00e1nyos termeszt\u00e9st, feldolgoz\u00e1si m\u00f3dszereket \u00e9s \u00e9rt\u00e9kes\u00edt\u00e9si modelleket. 2020-ban az \u00e1gazat 50 leginnovat\u00edvabb c\u00e9g\u00e9b\u0151l 24 k\u00ednai volt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Az innov\u00e1ci\u00f3 pedig elker\u00fclhetetlen, mivel a vil\u00e1g gy\u00f6ngytermel\u00e9se cs\u00f6kken\u0151 tendenci\u00e1t mutat. Csak K\u00edn\u00e1ban 10 \u00e9v alatt 3.050 tonn\u00e1r\u00f3l 700-ra cs\u00f6kkent. A kagyl\u00f3k ugyanis nagyon \u00e9rz\u00e9kenyen reag\u00e1lnak mindenf\u00e9le k\u00f6rnyezeti v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sra, ez\u00e1ltal az ipar\u00e1g is s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9keny. Napjainkban pedig a kl\u00edmav\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s, t\u00falhal\u00e1sz\u00e1s, leveg\u0151 szennyez\u00e9s er\u0151sen befoly\u00e1solja a termel\u00e9st. 2019-ben Jap\u00e1nban p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul 20 milli\u00f3 osztriga pusztult el ismeretlen okok miatt. Ugyanakkor tov\u00e1bbra is az \u00e9kszeripar legkedveltebb dr\u00e1gak\u00f6vei tartoznak ezek a k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6s k\u00e9pz\u0151dm\u00e9nyek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.origo.hu\/gazdasag\/20210114-gyongyipar-innovacio-kina.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(origo.hu)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00e1ra k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 30 orsz\u00e1g gazdas\u00e1g\u00e1ban v\u00e1llal fontos szerepet a mesters\u00e9gesen teny\u00e9sztett gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6k, melyek k\u00f6z\u00fcl egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en K\u00edna vezeti a glob\u00e1lis termel\u00e9st. Azonban az elm\u00falt \u00e9vtizedben a glob\u00e1lis gy\u00f6ngytermel\u00e9s 60 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9kkal cs\u00f6kkent.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":9684,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41,23,39],"tags":[9583,9585,259,9584],"class_list":["post-9683","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cikkek","category-fotok","category-vilag","tag-gyongyhalaszat","tag-gyongytenyesztes","tag-kina","tag-kornyezetvaltozas"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9683","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9683"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9683\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9684"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9683"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9683"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/economic.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9683"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}